Cognitive and verbal abilities
The have the ability to follow 2-3 step instructions, understand age-appropriate stories, follow a conversation going on around them. Their speech is understandable, most of the time, although grammatical errors or stuttering are definitely age-appropriate. They are able to tell you a story, answer open questions and hold a conversation.
They understand that words are made up of sounds and that a change in the sound can change the meaning of the word, recognize rhymes, are familiar with at least part of the alphabet, understand that each sound has a letter that represents it, and recognize some written words.
They enjoy "reading" books by skimming and completing information based on the illustrations. Familiar with basic shapes such as square, circle, rectangle and triangle, abie to recognize at least 8 different colors (red, yellow, blue, green, orange, black, white and pink), and show math readiness by counting, and matching quantity to digits.