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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide, with increasing prevalence in Israel. There are numerous strains of HPV, with some causing medical issues such as genital warts or cancer.
HPV can be transmitted through genital, anal and/or oral sexual contact with an infected individual, whether male or female, as the virus spreads through skin-to-skin contact. Therefore, using condoms alone is not sufficient protection against HPV. It is also possible to contract HPV even when the partner is asymptomatic. Often, symptoms may only develop many years after sexual contact with the infected person, making it challenging to identify the initial point of transmission.
HPV is so common that a significant portion of sexually active individuals who have not been vaccinated may become infected.
In many cases, HPV may resolve on its own without causing any medical problems. However, when it does not clear naturally, it can lead to the formation of viral warts on the genital organs and various types of cancer. The virus affects both men and women and is dangerous for both genders.
There is no effective treatment against the virus itself. Genital warts can be treated and may grow or recur if left untreated. It is recommended to seek appropriate treatment from a family doctor or a gynecologist.
Pre-cancerous cervical lesions can also be treated to prevent their progression.
Cervical cancer screening using HPV PCR cervical screening (replacing the Pap smear) detects the presence of HPV above the clinical threshold and identifies the virus strain. This innovative and sensitive test is crucial for early detection and prevention of pre-cancerous cells and cervical cancer.
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It is recommended to use condoms during any sexual activity that does not involve monogamous partners. It is essential to know that HPV can infect areas not protected by condoms, limiting their effectiveness. Monogamous relationships (between two partners) may significantly reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases.
The most effective way to prevent initial infection by significant HPV strains is through vaccination. In Israel, there are two HPV vaccines available:
Gardasil is intended for boys and girls from the ages of 9 to 45, and Cervarix is for girls and women aged 9 and above, up to 45 years old.
It is recommended to vaccinate before the onset of sexual activity, and in Israel, the vaccine is provided as part of health services to 8th-grade students, with two doses given six months apart. For those aged 15 and older, a three-dose regimen is recommended (four weeks between the first and second doses, and 12 weeks between the second and third doses).
Those who were not vaccinated in school can contact their local health department and receive the vaccine for free until the age of 18. Mandatory military service personnel can also get vaccinated during their service period. Adults insured by health funds who wish to get vaccinated against HPV should consult with a family physician or a gynecologist, and the vaccine can be obtained for a fee at pharmacies. The vaccine is available for men up to the age of 26 and women up to the age of 45.
Vaccination is recommended for everyone, including boys and girls, men and women, from the age of ten, as per the Ministry of Health guidelines. HPV does not only affect women, with 40% of cases of HPV-related cancer occurring in men.
The HPV vaccine prevents over 90% of cancers caused by the HPV virus.
