Antibiotics: When Are They Helpful and When Are They Not?

What Is an Antibiotic?

An antibiotic is a medication that treats infections caused by bacteria and often saves lives. However, it can also have the potential for more harm than good when used inappropriately.

Do Antibiotics Always Help?

Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections. They do not work against viruses, which are responsible for most cases of the common cold, influenza, coughs, and sore throats.

What Is Antibiotic Resistance?

Antibiotics typically either destroy bacteria or inhibit their growth. However, some bacteria develop resistance to specific antibiotics, rendering the medication ineffective. Antibiotic resistance can occur when antibiotics are overused or used inappropriately.

How Can We Help Ourselves?

Do not expect antibiotics to cure every illness. It is advisable to avoid taking antibiotics when the illness is viral, such as the flu or the common cold. In such cases, the best course of action is to allow your body to fight off the infection naturally, which usually takes a few days. Supportive care and symptom relief, such as rest, hydration, and pain relief, are recommended. Patience is key.

When Do We Need Antibiotics?

The need for antibiotics depends on the cause of the illness. Here are some basic guidelines:

• Colds and the flu: These illnesses are caused by viruses and do not respond to antibiotics.
• Coughs and bronchitis: Almost always caused by viruses. However, if it is a chronic lung disease or a severe, prolonged acute illness, bacterial involvement may be considered, and antibiotics might be prescribed.
• Sore throat: Most sore throats are caused by viruses that do not respond to antibiotics. However, streptococcal throat infections may require antibiotic treatment. The treating physician will make a decision based on symptoms, physical examination, and possibly a throat swab.
• Ear infections: Most ear infections in children and adults will improve without antibiotic treatment. Very young children and adults with high fever may need antibiotics.
• Sinusitis (sinus infection): If it is caused by bacterial infection, antibiotics may be necessary.
• Green or yellow mucus: Even if you have discolored nasal discharge, it does not necessarily mean you need antibiotics.

Important!

• Do not initiate antibiotic treatment without a recommendation from a healthcare professional.
• Do not keep antibiotics at home, and do not take antibiotics without a prescription.
• If you start antibiotic treatment, follow your doctor's instructions and complete the full course of treatment. Completing the prescribed antibiotics even if you feel better is essential for your overall health.

Stay healthy this winter!