The Dreadful Mark That Casts Fear - Melanoma

The Dreadful Mark That Casts Fear - Melanoma

Melanocytes are cells that produce melanin (pigment) in the skin and in other parts of the body. These cells are located in the basal layer of the upper part of the skin. Melanoma is a rapid and uncontrolled growth of these cells, leading to their invasion into other tissues in the body and disrupting their normal functions. Melanoma is the most dangerous and lethal type of skin cancer and can occur at any age. The incidence of melanoma has significantly increased in recent years.

Who is at risk of developing melanoma?

Anyone can develop melanoma (skin cancer), but the risk is greater if you belong to one of the following groups:

• Over the age of 10.
• Fair-skinned individuals, with light skin and hair, and light-colored eyes.
• Genetic factors, such as having many moles or a personal or family history of skin cancer.
• A history of repeated sunburns, especially before the age of 15.
• Frequent exposure to ultraviolet radiation, such as artificial tanning beds.
• Living in areas with intense sunlight or at high altitudes.

Are there early signs or warning signs?

• Pay attention to the sudden appearance of new moles and beauty marks. In 8 out of 10 cases, melanoma (skin cancer) appears in new moles, so it's important to identify the appearance of new pigmentation spots.
• Be aware of changes in existing moles. Melanoma can develop in existing moles and may cause them to change in size, shape, or color. Sometimes, there may be itching on the mole, or it may bleed or ooze. Additionally, pigments from the mole may spread to the surrounding skin.

Dermatologists have created a guide called the "Five Signs for Identifying Suspicious Moles." A beauty mark is considered suspicious if it exhibits any of the following signs or any other changes:

In the case of a suspicious beauty mark or one that has recently changed, it is essential to consult your dermatologist as soon as possible. Only a specialized physician can provide an accurate diagnosis.

Can melanoma development be prevented?

• Preventing melanoma focuses on reducing and limiting exposure to UV radiation, including natural UV rays from sunlight and artificial UV rays such as tanning beds. Skin burns significantly increase the risk of developing melanoma in the future and play a crucial role in skin protection.
• Apply sunscreen generously before leaving your home, even on cloudy days and during winter. Use a sunscreen with a high SPF of 30 or above and reapply it every two hours, more frequently if sweating or swimming. Remember to protect your lips as well.
• Limit the time spent in the sun (even with protective measures), and avoid sun exposure during the hottest hours of the day (between 10 AM and 4 PM).
• Shield your skin with appropriate clothing, such as long, lightweight garments, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses when possible.
• Be particularly cautious in environments that reflect light, such as water, sand, and snow, as they intensify the sun's rays.
• While tanned skin is often considered attractive, both natural tanning from the sun and artificial tanning (tanning beds) increase the risk of developing melanoma. Protect your skin and avoid deliberate tanning.
• Be aware of the effects of medications you may be taking, as certain drugs can increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight.
• Schedule regular check-ups with a dermatologist. Examine moles and beauty marks once a year and, if you are in a high-risk group, every six months.
• Remember, early detection and diagnosis can save lives. Perform self-examinations monthly following the "Five Signs" in the table above, and seek immediate medical attention in case of any changes.